Make-ready buyer's guide

How to tell if a make-ready invoice is overcharged.

Check every line against your signed agreement and the cost-allocation rule that governs the pole. Overcharges hide in a handful of predictable places. Here is where to look, and what the rules actually let a pole owner bill you.

The utility writes the invoice · PoleProof is the independent check
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What is make-ready, and why do the invoices run high?

Make-ready is the work a pole owner requires before a new line can be attached: moving existing wires to make room, adding guy wires, or replacing a pole that cannot safely carry another attachment.

Two things push these invoices above what you actually owe. First, the work is priced and performed by the pole owner or its contractor, not by you, so there is little pressure to keep it lean. Second, the line between work your attachment truly requires and work the owner wanted done anyway, on aging infrastructure, is exactly where cost quietly shifts onto the new attacher. Nobody on a build team has time to check every line against the agreement while running construction, so charges above the allowable amount go uncaught, invoice after invoice.

The rules that decide

What rules decide what you can actually be charged?

An overcharge only means something against a standard. Three standards govern make-ready and pole attachment charges, and which one applies depends on who owns the pole.

Section 224
For most investor-owned utility poles, 47 U.S.C. Section 224 and the FCC's rate formulas set the ceiling on what you can be billed for attachment and make-ready.
47 U.S.C. Section 224
Subpart J
47 CFR Part 1, Subpart J sets the FCC process for timelines, self-help make-ready, and disputes, including how pole replacement costs are allocated.
47 CFR Part 1, Subpart J
State, or BEAD
Cooperative and municipal poles have historically followed state cost-allocation rules instead of the FCC's, though BEAD is changing that for owners that take BEAD funding.
State rule, or FCC after BEAD

The single most important principle across all three: a new attacher generally pays the incremental cost of making room for its own line, not the cost of fixing or upgrading a pole that was already deficient. Hold onto that idea. It is where the largest overcharges live.

The core answer

Seven signs a make-ready invoice may be overcharged.

Run any make-ready invoice or estimate past these seven checks. Each is a place where charges routinely land above what the agreement and the governing rule allow.

01

Full cost of a replacement pole

If a pole had to be replaced and the entire cost lands on you, look closely. When the pole was already too short or overloaded before you arrived, a large share of that replacement is the owner's own betterment, not your make-ready.

02

Fixing pre-existing violations

Correcting old code violations, prior attachers' clearance problems, or deferred maintenance is generally the owner's responsibility, not the newest attacher's. These charges should not appear on your bill.

03

A lump sum with no breakdown

"Make-ready: $46,000" is not an auditable charge. Without a per-pole, per-task breakdown you cannot tell allowable work from padding, and you are entitled to ask for one before you pay.

04

A per-pole rate above the formula

Recurring per-pole attachment rentals are capped by the FCC's rate formulas on regulated poles. A rate materially above that ceiling, or a "one-time" charge that is really a disguised recurring fee, is worth challenging.

05

Repeated mobilization or engineering fees

Being charged twice to move the same crew to the same route, or stacked engineering and inspection markups on work already billed, is one of the most common quiet overcharges.

06

Charges for poles you never touched

Make-ready you are billed for should tie back to your specific attachment path. Charges for unrelated poles, other attachers' work, or system upgrades outside your route do not belong on your invoice.

07

An estimate billed as final

Make-ready is often estimated up front. If the final invoice simply matches the estimate with no accounting for what was actually built, you may be paying for work that was scoped but never performed.

The biggest one

Why should a new attacher not pay the full cost of a replaced pole?

Because a replaced pole is usually part upgrade for the owner and part accommodation for you, and you owe only your part.

What you owe

The incremental cost of making the pole ready for your attachment: the difference between what the owner would have spent anyway and what your line specifically required.

What often gets billed

The full price of a brand-new, taller, stronger pole, including the capacity and useful life the owner keeps for itself long after your attachment is in place.

When a pole was already at or past its safe capacity before your request, the owner was going to have to address it regardless. FCC cost-allocation principles reflect this: a new attacher should not shoulder the full cost of a replacement that also cures the owner's pre-existing deficiency or hands the owner a longer-lived asset. A pole replacement line billed at one hundred percent to you is the first thing worth questioning on any make-ready invoice.

New for 2026

How do BEAD, cooperative, and municipal poles change this?

They widen the set of invoices you can actually check. For years, co-op and municipal poles often sat outside FCC rate rules, so an attacher had little federal standard to point to. That is shifting.

Under the November 2025 NTIA BEAD terms and conditions, cooperatives and municipal utilities that accept BEAD funding must comply with FCC pole attachment rules across their pole footprint, wherever those poles were not already subject to state or federal regulation. If you are building on poles owned by a co-op or municipality that took BEAD money, many of their make-ready and attachment charges now have a federal rate ceiling and a defined process standard to measure against, where before they frequently did not. See cooperative and municipal pole rates after BEAD for the full picture. For BEAD-funded builders in particular, every recovered make-ready dollar goes back into reaching the next unserved location, so the invoices are worth checking closely.

What to do

What should you do if a charge looks too high?

You do not have to choose between paying blindly and picking a fight. There is a straightforward path in between.

01

Do not pay what you cannot explain

Ask for the line-item breakdown first. A charge you cannot trace to a pole and a task is a charge you cannot verify, and you are within your rights to request the detail before payment.

02

Check each line against the rule

Match every charge to your signed agreement and to Section 224 and Subpart J, or the applicable state or post-BEAD standard. This is exactly the review PoleProof runs for you.

03

Put the overcharge in writing

A clear, cited findings report showing what was billed, what is allowable, and the rule behind each difference turns a vague suspicion into a specific credit request the owner can act on.

04

Review estimates before you pay

The cheapest overcharge to fix is the one you catch before the money leaves. Send the estimate for review first whenever you can.

FAQ

Make-ready overcharge questions, answered plainly.

How can I tell if a make-ready invoice is overcharged? +
Compare each charge against your signed pole attachment agreement and the cost-allocation rule that governs the pole. The common red flags are being billed the full cost of a replacement pole, charges to fix pre-existing violations you did not cause, a lump sum with no breakdown, a per-pole rate above the FCC formula, duplicate mobilization or engineering fees, charges for work unrelated to your attachment, and an estimate billed as final with no reconciliation.
Should a new attacher pay the full cost of replacing a pole? +
Usually not. When a pole was already too short, overloaded, or out of compliance before you arrived, replacing it is partly the owner's own upgrade. FCC cost-allocation principles generally limit a new attacher to the incremental cost of accommodating its attachment, not the full cost of a pole the owner would have had to replace anyway.
Can PoleProof review a make-ready estimate before I pay it? +
Yes. Send an estimate before you pay it, or an invoice you have already received. Either way PoleProof checks each line against your agreement and the governing rule and returns a dispute-ready findings report, typically within 10 business days.
Do FCC pole attachment rules apply to cooperative and municipal poles? +
Historically many did not. Under the November 2025 NTIA BEAD terms, cooperatives and municipal utilities that accept BEAD funding must comply with FCC pole attachment rules across their pole footprint where those poles were not already regulated. For an attacher, that means many co-op and municipal make-ready charges now have a federal rate ceiling and process standard to check against.
Is a PoleProof findings report a legal filing? +
No. It is a factual and contractual review, not legal advice or a legal filing. If you decide to dispute a charge with the FCC or a state regulator, that filing should be prepared by your own counsel.

Think a make-ready invoice is too high? Send it.

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